Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), commonly known as enlarged prostate, is a prevalent condition affecting many men as they age. It involves the enlargement of the prostate gland that is non-cancerous, resulting in urinary symptoms like frequent urination, urgency, weak stream, and incomplete bladder emptying. Although BPH is not cancerous, its symptoms can significantly affect the quality of life. Effectively navigating treatment options is crucial for managing this condition.

In this blog, we will explore the symptoms and causes of BPH, the various treatment options available, and how to choose the best approach tailored to individual needs.

What is the main cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia occurs when the prostate gland, which encircles the urethra, becomes enlarged. This growth can constrict the urethra, making urination difficult. The exact cause of BPH is not fully understood, but hormonal changes as men age are believed to play a significant role. The condition is prevalent among older men, with symptoms often becoming noticeable in their 50s and 60s.

What are the main symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia may experience a range of symptoms, including:

• Frequent urination, especially at night
• Difficulty starting urination
• A weak or interrupted urinary stream
• Urgency to urinate
• A feeling of incomplete bladder emptying

These symptoms can vary in severity, impacting daily activities and overall well-being.

What are the most common treatments for prostatic hyperplasia?

1. Lifestyle changes

Often, the first step in managing BPH symptoms involves making lifestyle adjustments. These may include:

• Dietary modifications: Reducing caffeine and alcohol intake can minimise urgency and frequency.
• Fluid management: Limiting fluid intake in the evening may help reduce nighttime urination.
• Bladder training: Methods to gradually extend the time between urinations can help strengthen bladder control.

2. Medications

If lifestyle changes are insufficient, medications are commonly prescribed. Two main categories of medicines are often used:

• Alpha-blockers: Medications such as Alfusin D containing the active ingredient Alfuzosin Hcl & Dutasteride help relax the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, improving urine flow.
• 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors: These work by reducing the size of the prostate over time. This can improve symptoms for men with larger prostates.

These medications can be effective in alleviating symptoms but may come with side effects that should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

3. Minimally invasive procedures

For men who do not respond to medication or prefer not to take them, minimally invasive procedures may be an option. These can include:

• Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT): This procedure uses microwave energy to destroy excess prostate tissue, reducing symptoms.
• Transurethral resection of the prostate: A more traditional surgical option, TURP involves removing part of the prostate gland to ease pressure on the urethra.

4. Surgical options

In cases of severe BPH, surgical intervention may be necessary. Options include:

• Open prostatectomy: This involves removing the entire prostate gland and is usually reserved for very large prostates or when other treatments have failed.
• Laser surgery: Utilizing laser technology to vaporise or remove prostate tissue can also be effective, often with less bleeding and shorter recovery times.

Tips for choosing the best treatment

Selecting the most suitable treatment for BPH involves several considerations:

1. Severity of symptoms

Evaluate how symptoms affect daily life. If they are mild and manageable, lifestyle changes may be sufficient. For moderate to severe symptoms, medications or procedures may be necessary.

2. Prostate size

The size of the prostate plays a crucial role in treatment decisions. Medications like Dutasteride may be more beneficial for larger prostates, while alpha-blockers can be effective for all sizes.

3. Overall health

A patient’s overall health and existing medical conditions should be considered. Some medications may interact with other medicines or exacerbate certain health issues.

4. Side effects

Understanding the side effects of medications is important. Discuss any concerns with a doctor to weigh the benefits against potential drawbacks.

5. Personal preferences

Patients should consider their lifestyles and preferences. Some may prefer to avoid surgery at all costs, while others may be open to invasive procedures if it means quicker relief from symptoms.

6. Consultation with a Healthcare provider

The importance of consulting with a doctor cannot be overstated. They can provide personalised recommendations based on medical history, prostate size, and symptom severity. A thorough discussion of options will help ensure that treatment aligns with individual needs.

Wrapping up

Choosing the best treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) requires a nuanced approach, considering factors such as symptom severity, prostate size, overall health, and personal preferences. By collaborating closely with a healthcare provider, men can navigate these choices and select the most effective strategy for managing their symptoms and enhancing their quality of life. Informed decisions about BPH treatment can lead to significant improvements in comfort and well-being, allowing men to regain control over their urinary health and daily routines.